ABSTRACT
0.05). Dogs inoculated with the former vaccine developed a significantly higher immune titer than non-vaccinated dogs.CONCLUSION: The Cabopol-adjuvanted, inactivated CAV-2 vaccine was safe and induced a high VNA titer in dogs.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Adenoviruses, Canine , Amino Acids , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Formaldehyde , Guinea Pigs , Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells , Urea , VaccinesABSTRACT
Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) causes infectious hepatitis in members of the family Canidae, including dogs. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) that detects CAV-1 antibodies is required for large-throughput tests of dog sera. We collected 165 serum samples from dogs of Chungbuk and Gyeongbuk provinces between February 2016 and October 2018. The Korean CAV-1 vaccine strain CAV1V was propagated in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and purified via Nuvia cPrime anion-exchange chromatography; the virus served as an I-ELISA antigen. Virus-neutralizing anti-CAV-1 titers in dog sera were measured using the virus neutralization (VN) method. The I-ELISA was optimized using purified CAV-1 antigen and serum samples. This kit was used to evaluate dog sera. The VN and I-ELISA data were compared. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the I-ELISA were 97.0%, 74.2%, and 92.7% compared to the VN assay, respectively. The I-ELISA data significantly correlated with those of VN (r = 0.88). These results suggest that the I-ELISA is useful for serosurveillance of CAV-1 in dog sera.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Humans , Adenoviruses, Canine , Antibodies , Canidae , Chromatography , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hepatitis A , Kidney , Methods , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) infection results in hepatitis in dogs. In this study, we investigated the biologic and genetic characteristics of the CAV-1 vaccine strain (CAV1V) to improve quality control about CAV vaccine. The identity of CAV1V as CAV-1 was confirmed based on its cytopathic effects and the results of hemagglutination (HA) and immunofluorescence assays, and electron microscopy. The CAV1V strain reached 10(7.5) TCID(50)/mL in MDCK cells at 4 days post-inoculation and exhibited hemmagglutination activity of 256 U using guinea pig erythrocytes. Intranuclear fluorescence in the infected cells was observed and typical adenoviruses were observed in electon microscope. CAV1V strain was identified as a CAV-1 strain by nucleotide sequence analysis. In a comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the fiber genes of several CAV strains, CAV1V showed the highest similarity (99.8%) with the GLAXO strain, which was isolated in Canada. Our biological characterization of CAV1V will facilitate quality control of the canine hepatitis vaccine.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Adenoviridae , Adenoviruses, Canine , Base Sequence , Canada , Erythrocytes , Fluorescence , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Guinea Pigs , Hemagglutination , Hepatitis , Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells , Microscopy, Electron , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) infection results in significant respiratory illness in dogs. Isolating and culturing CAV-2 allows for investigations into its pathogenesis and the development of vaccines and diagnostic assays. In this study, we successfully isolated a virus from a naturally infected dog in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. The virus was propagated in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and Vero cells and showed a specific cytopathic morphology that appeared similar to a bunch of grapes. The virus was first confirmed as CAV-2 based on these cytopathic effects, an immunofluorescence assay, hemagglutination assay, and electron microscopy. The viral titer of the isolate designated APQA1601 reached 10(6.5) 50% tissue culture infections dose per mL in MDCK cells and exhibited no hemagglutination units with erythrocytes from guinea pig. The virus was also confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing. The APQA1601 strain had the highest similarity (~99.9%) with the Toronto A26/61 strain, which was isolated in Canada in 1976 when the nucleotide sequences of the full genome of the APQA1601 strain were compared with those of other CAV strains. Isolating CAV-2 will help elucidate the biological properties of CAV-2 circulating in Korean dogs.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Adenoviruses, Canine , Base Sequence , Canada , Erythrocytes , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Genome , Guinea Pigs , Hemagglutination , Kidney , Korea , Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells , Microscopy, Electron , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Vaccines , Vero Cells , VitisABSTRACT
Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) is the cause of a major respiratory illness in dogs. In this study, we analyzed adenovirus infections in dogs using 2000–2017 data from the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA) and conducted a serological survey of CAV-2 infection in six animal species in Korea. In total, 38 of the 3,179 dog samples were confirmed as canine adenovirus infections. In serological survey, 1,028 dog sera, 160 raccoon dog sera, 100 cattle sera, 257 sow sera, 206 horse sera, and 106 cat sera, collected from January 2016 to July 2018, were screened for the presence of anti-CAV-2 antibodies by virus neutralization test. The seropositivity rates for dogs, raccoon dogs, cattle, sows, horses, and cats were 88.5% (910/1,028), 51.3% (82/160), 85.0% (85/100), 48.6% (125/257), 35.0% (72/206), and 2.8% (3/106), respectively. Among dogs and raccoon dogs, 1.9% (20/1,028) and 8.8% (14/160), respectively, had a virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) titer of over 1:256. A high CAV-2 VNA titer indicates a repeated vaccination or natural infection in Korean dogs and circulation of CAV-2 in raccoon dog populations.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Cattle , Dogs , Adenoviridae Infections , Adenoviruses, Canine , Antibodies , Horses , Incidence , Korea , Neutralization Tests , Plants , Quarantine , Raccoon Dogs , VaccinationABSTRACT
Wild raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) may play a role transmitting several pathogens to humans and pet animals. Information concerning the incidence of rabies, canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2), canine parainfluenza virus type 5 (CPIV-5), and canine herpesvirus (CHV) is needed in wild raccoon dogs. In total, 62 brain samples of raccoon dogs were examined for rabies virus (RABV) and CDV, and 49 lung samples were screened for CDV, CAdV-2, CPIV-5, and CHV. No RABV, CAdV-2, CPIV-5, or CHV was identified, but nine CDV antigens (8.1%, 9/111) were detected. Moreover, 174 serum samples from wild raccoon dogs were screened for antibodies against the five major viral pathogens. The overall serosurveillance against CDV, CPV, CAdV-2, CPIV-5, and CHV in wild raccoon dogs was 60.3%, 52.9%, 59.8%, 23.6%, and 10.3%, respectively. Comparisons of the sero-surveillance of the five pathogens showed that raccoon dogs of Gyeonggi province have slightly higher sero-positive rates against CDV, CPV, and CHV than those of Gangwon province. These results indicate high incidences of CDV, CPV, and CAdV-2 in wild raccoon dogs of two Korean provinces and a latent risk of pathogen transmission to companion and domestic animals.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Adenoviruses, Canine , Animals, Domestic , Antibodies , Brain , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Distemper , Distemper Virus, Canine , Friends , Incidence , Lung , Paramyxoviridae Infections , Parvovirus, Canine , Rabies , Rabies virus , Raccoon Dogs , RaccoonsABSTRACT
La terapia génica en cáncer se administra principalmente por vía intravenosa e in situ mediante el empleo de vectores virales y no virales. La administración sistémica del vector transfiere el gen terapéutico al tejido neoplásico, pero también a otros órganos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la distribución de expresión del gen reportero Lac Z insertado en un vector adenoviral y administrado vía intralinfonodal (ILN) en perros con linfosarcoma multicéntrico espontáneo. La distribución de la expresión de la proteína ßgalactosidasa de un adenovirus no replicativo recombinante (Adßgal) fue evaluada 72 h después de su administración ILN en 6 perros con linfosarcoma multicéntrico espontáneo mediante la exposición al sustrato cromogénico X-gal. Se emplearon dosis de 0 (control), 1,35 X 10 a la 10, 2,53 X 10 a la 10, 6,10 X 10 a la 10, 18,38 X 10 a la 10, y 153,85 X 10 a la 10 partículas virales (PV)/kg. La expresión se presentó en un 100 por ciento del tejido linfocítico neoplásico que incluye, linfonodos y bazo, con menor intensidad se expresó en órganos infiltrados con linfocitos neoplásicos: hígado, médula ósea y pulmones. La expresión de ßgal fue exclusiva en tejido linfocítico neoplásico y en sitios de metástasis.Esto permite mejorar la eficiencia en la transferencia del gen terapéutico con menores dosis y reducir los riesgos detoxicidad y también potencialmente menos inmunogénico. La terapia génica adenoviral vía intralinfonodal tiene un elevado potencial para su aplicación en animales y humanos con linfosarcoma y también para metástasis linfonodales.
Gene therapy administration in cancer is mainly performed by intravenous, oral, and in situ routes, with viral or nonviral delivery vector systems. Systemic administration frequently transfers the therapeutic gene to neoplastic tissue and as well as to other organs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution expression of Lac Z reporter gene by adenoviral transfer administered by intralymphonodal route (ILNR) in dogs with lymphosarcoma. The distribution of b-galactosidase protein expression by a non replicative recombinant adenovirus (Adb-gal) delivery was determined in six dogs with spontaneous multicentric lymphosarcoma, 72 h after ILNR administration using X-gal chromogenic substrate. The doses administered were 0 (control), 1.35 X 1010, 2.53 X 1010, 6.10 X 1010, 18.38 X 1010 and 153.85 X 1010 viral particles (VP) /kg. The expression was manifested in 100% of lymphocytic tissue, including lymph nodes and spleen. The infiltrated organs with neoplastic lymphocytes: liver, bone marrow and lungs were positive but with lower intensity. Conclusion. The expression of b-gal was restricted to neoplastic lymphocytic tissue and metastatic sites. The ILNR would enhance gene therapy efficacy to a specific cell type and permit the delivery of lower doses, which result in reduced toxicity and may also potentially be less immunogenic. This suggests that adenoviral gene therapy by ILNR is a potential model of administration in animals and human beings with lymphosarcoma and also for metastasis to lymph nodes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Adenoviruses, Canine/pathogenicity , beta-Galactosidase , Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic/veterinary , Lymphoma/veterinary , Veterinary MedicineABSTRACT
Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) has been proposed as a vector for recombinant vaccine. Alternatively, it may be an attractive tool for gene transfer due to lack of pre-existing immunity in humans. In this study, a transfer vector based on CAV-2, in which the 1381bp fragment of the E3 region was deleted, and a linker containing the Not I, Cla I, Fse I restriction enzyme sites were cloned into the deleted region. The recombinant CAV-2 genome was released from the plasmids enzyme digestion and transfected into MDCK cells by lipofectamine to obtain the recombinant virus. No significant difference in morphology, hemagglutination and replication between the recombinant and the wide type CAV-2 was found. These results indicated that this recombinant virus CAV-2-deltaE3 (NF) may be an efficient vector for gene transfer and the capacity of the vector for inserted foreign gene was up to 3.3kb.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Humans , Adenoviruses, Canine , Genetics , Binding Sites , Genetics , Cell Line , Cloning, Molecular , DNA Restriction Enzymes , Metabolism , DNA, Viral , Chemistry , Genetics , Virology , Genetic Vectors , Genetics , Lipids , Chemistry , Microscopy, Electron , Transfection , Methods , Virus Replication , GeneticsABSTRACT
Estudio realizado en Bogotá, Colombia, el primer trimestre de 2005. Se analizaron variables relacionadas con la dinámica de la población canina, igualmente se estimó la población felina, se evaluó el impacto de las estrategias para controlar la población y actividades de prevención de la Rabia Canina. Es un estudio epidemiológico transversal, de tipo probabilística para la ciudad, se compara con un estudio similar realizado en 1999. Los resultados mostraron que la relación perro: hombre se ha mantenido alrededor de 1:10, gracias al programa de recolección y esterilización; relación más estrecha en localidades donde predominan estratos bajos; la problemática de perros callejeros es grave siendo difícil generar una conciencia ciudadana con relación a la tenencia de mascotas. La tasa anual de renovación canina es cercana al 10%, lo cual obliga a realizar vacunación antirrábica de mantenimiento en forma sostenida para no romper las coberturas útiles de vacunación. En los felinos existe una relación de 1 gato por cada 50 personas. Las autoridades sanitarias deben ampliar las metas de esterilización, para bajar el crecimiento poblacional canino; y, buscar la modificación de hábitos con relación a la tenencia de mascotas, a través de actividades educativas y persuasivas.Las autoridades sanitarias deben ampliar las metas de esterilización, para bajar el crecimiento poblacional canino; y, buscar la modificación de hábitos con relación a la tenencia de mascotas, a través de actividades educativas y persuasivas.Para mejorar las acciones de prevención y control de zoonosis Se debe implementar un registro de mascotas urbanas, revisar la normatividad y generar un sistema de vigilancia epidemiológico.
Study realized in Bogotá, Colombia, in the first trimester of 2005, analyzing variables related to the dynamics of the canine population, equally estimated the feline population, evaluated the impact of strategies for controlling the population and activities for the prevention of Canine Rabies. It is a transversal epidemiology study, of the probabilistic type for the city, to be compared with a similar study done in 1999.The results show that the man/dog ratio has remained around 1:10, thanks to the program of recollection and sterilization; the ratio is more stretched in the localities, where the lower class predominates.The problem of stray dogs is grave, it being difficult to generate a civic consciousness with relation to the mascot tendency. The annual rate of canine renewal is around 10%, which obliges a program of anti-rabies vaccinations maintained in a sustained form so as not to destroy the useful covering of vaccinations. Among cats there exists a rate of one cat to every 50 people.The sanitary authorities have to increase the sterilization goals in order to lower canine population growth; and search to modify habits with relation to the mascot tendency, through educative and persuasive activities. To improve zoonosis prevention and control actions it will be necessary to implement a register of urban mascots, revise the normative and generate a system of epidemiological vigilence.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cuspid , Adenoviruses, Canine/classification , Sterilization , Rabies virus , Population Growth , Health Authorities , Sterilization, Reproductive/veterinaryABSTRACT
El presente trabajo fue llevado a cabo para estimular y caracterizar la población canina de la ciudad de Santa Cruz. Se empleó un muestreo al azar estratificado monretapico porporcional al número de personas que habitan las diferentes unidades vecinales en que esta dividida la ciudad de Santa Cruz; en uno de los estratos la muestra fue proporcional al número de manzanas existentes en las unidades vecinales las manzanas fueron seleccionadas estrictamente al azar para cadaunidad vecinal y en caso de ser mas de una se utilizó el azar sistemático